加裕養(yǎng)豬評(píng)論　　　　Pork Commentary　　　　加?？偛眉鍯EO Jim Long　　　　Jim Long President-CEO Genesus Inc.　　　　季節(jié)性生豬價(jià)格持續(xù)上升　　　　Seasonal Hog Price Rise Continues　　　　現(xiàn)在是5月，通常從5月直到9月是生豬生產(chǎn)商的時(shí)機(jī)，這個(gè)時(shí)期豬價(jià)更高，通常是一年之中較賺錢的時(shí)期?！　　　〗谙募緩C肉豬期貨和現(xiàn)貨價(jià)格均有上漲。居中水平的生產(chǎn)商可能現(xiàn)在剛好保本，但是就目前夏季廋肉豬期貨和飼料價(jià)格而言，居中水平的生產(chǎn)商在未來幾周應(yīng)該有每頭豬30美元的盈利。更好的時(shí)機(jī)就是現(xiàn)在?！　　　t’s the month of May, usually from May till September is hog producers time to get higher prices and generally have the most profitable period of the year.　　　　Both summer lean hog futures and cash prices have appreciated recently. Average Producers should be at about breakeven right now but at current summer lean hog futures and feed price average producers should have profits of $30 plus per head in the weeks ahead. Better times are just about here.　　　　西班牙　　　　Spain　　　　上周我們會(huì)見了西班牙生產(chǎn)商。西班牙是世界第三大生豬生產(chǎn)國。目前西班牙生豬市場(chǎng)價(jià)格為每公斤活重1.355歐元，或者美國每磅活重66美分（每頭165美元）。美國每頭豬利潤達(dá)到30美元。不錯(cuò)的利潤。分割豬肉的批發(fā)價(jià)格跟美國類似（78美分每磅）。西班牙屠宰商分割利潤明顯比美國低。相對(duì)美國來說，西班牙的屠宰產(chǎn)能過剩。這就是他們加工屠宰和毛利偏低的原因。生豬競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有利于生豬生產(chǎn)商?！　　　∥靼嘌婪浅３晒Φ夭蹲降搅酥袊鲩L(zhǎng)的豬肉需求。部分原因是，在歐洲其他國家實(shí)施制裁之前，西班牙已經(jīng)停止向俄羅斯出口一年。需找市場(chǎng)的必要性使得他們把目光投向中國，而當(dāng)中國豬肉需求上升時(shí)，他們正位于貿(mào)易關(guān)系發(fā)展的領(lǐng)先地位?！　　　ast week we were with Spanish producers. Spain is the third largest hog producing country in the world. Currently the Spanish hog market is 1.355 Euro/kg liveweight or 66￠ U.S liveweight a lb. ($165 per head). Profits running about $30 U.S per head. Good profits. Pork cut-out wholesale price similar to U.S (78￠ lb.). In Spain packer cut-out margin has been significantly lower then USA. Spain has excess packer capacity relative to USA. That’s the reason they have a lower Packer kill and Gross Margin. Competition for hogs is good for swine producers.　　　　Spain has been quite successful in capturing the increased pork volume that China has required. Part of that reason Spain was stopped from shipping to Russia a year before the rest of Europe was sanctioned. The necessity to find markets got them to China and when the need arose in China for more pork they were ahead on business relationship development.　　　　西班牙歷來主要使用皮特蘭豬。主要產(chǎn)品是帶有大理石花紋的瘦肉。隨著中國以及亞洲其他出口國家市場(chǎng)的增長(zhǎng)，西班牙已經(jīng)針對(duì)亞洲客戶的需求做出了反應(yīng)，他們轉(zhuǎn)為更多的使用杜洛克公豬來增加口感和風(fēng)味。在過去的四年里，加裕公司的杜洛克豬在西班牙市場(chǎng)的需求持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。當(dāng)我們先進(jìn)次到西班牙的時(shí)候，別人說我們瘋了，因?yàn)槲靼嘌乐粫?huì)使用皮特蘭豬。我們沒有皮特蘭，我們都是杜洛克豬。我們相信所有的消費(fèi)者希望吃到口味更好的豬肉。在西班牙加裕公司杜洛克豬的使用持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，我們預(yù)計(jì)增長(zhǎng)會(huì)一直保持，正如對(duì)于更好口感的需求正在國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)和出口市場(chǎng)中擴(kuò)大?！　　　pain has traditionally been a major user of Piétrain. Lean Pork with traces of marbling was the main product. With the growth of China and other Asia Export markets, Spain has reacted to Asian customers demand and moved to using more Duroc Boars to increase taste and flavor. Over the last four years Genesus Durocs have continued to grow in demand in the Spanish market. When we first went there, we were told we were crazy as Spain would only use Piétrans. We don’t have Piétrans, we are all in for Durocs. We believe all consumers want better tasting pork. Spain Genesus Duroc use continues to grow and we expect this to continue as the demand for better taste is expanding domestically and in export market.　　　　在西班牙，分割出來較好的豬肉是火腿。這跟美國完全相反，在美國，火腿價(jià)格徘徊在腹部?jī)r(jià)格的一半。在西班牙火腿是王道?；鹜缺伙L(fēng)干然后腌制2年。一個(gè)伊利比亞火腿的價(jià)格可以達(dá)到近1000美元。這種火腿非常好吃。杜洛克豬培育的伊利比亞火腿變得非常受歡迎，從而也推動(dòng)了純種杜洛克作為一種市場(chǎng)生豬項(xiàng)目生產(chǎn)一款優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。從皮特蘭到杜洛克的迅速轉(zhuǎn)變十分令人吃驚，因?yàn)榭焖僬J(rèn)識(shí)到這兩種豬的口感和風(fēng)味的差異，以及在市場(chǎng)上意味著什么?！　　　n Spain the Prime pork cut is Ham. Totally contrary to the U.S where Ham languishes at half the price of bellies. In Spain Ham is king. Hams are dried and cured up to two years. Prices can reach near $1,000 U.S for a single Iberian Ham. The Ham is delicious. Duroc bred to Iberian is becoming very popular and there is a push to purebred Durocs as a market hog program to produce a premium product. Its kind of amazing the rapid evolution from Piétran to Durocs as the recognition accelerates on the difference in taste and flavor and what it means in the marketplace.　　　　西班牙有幾個(gè)集約公司，為首的是擁有206,000頭母豬的Vall公司。Vall公司是歐洲最大的國有養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)商。大部分集約公司執(zhí)行的模式是飼養(yǎng)母豬，提供飼料，養(yǎng)殖戶們每頭豬獲得大約12歐元（13美元）提供給建筑勞動(dòng)力。斷奶仔豬然后進(jìn)入合作的保育和育肥舍，這種集約豬場(chǎng)飼養(yǎng)所有生豬。類似Vall公司這樣的集約公司擁有自己的屠宰廠和加工廠。這種模式下的集約公司沒有自己的存欄。集約公司承擔(dān)生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是沒有資金部署豬場(chǎng)，土地，肥料處理。　　　　Spain has several integrators led by Vall Companys with 206,000 sows. Vall Companys is the largest European owned swine producer. The model most integrators follow is to own the sows provide the feed, producer gets about 12 euros ($13) per head to provide building-labor. The pigs then go to contract nurseries and finishers where integrator owns all pigs. Integrators such as Vall Companys have there own packing and processing. Integrators do not own barns in this model. Integrators take production risk but have no capital deployed in owning swine buildings, land, manure disposal.　　　　西班牙市場(chǎng)做好了繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的準(zhǔn)備。每年600萬頭的屠宰產(chǎn)能只是剛好能夠完成或正在進(jìn)行。在西班牙承包的集約模式似乎可行，因?yàn)閾碛修r(nóng)場(chǎng)的生產(chǎn)商在不承擔(dān)價(jià)格風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的情況下，能夠放心的生產(chǎn)?！　　　pain is posed to continue to grow. More Packing plant capacity of 6 million head a year is just being completed or underway. The integrated model of contracting seems to work in Spain as producers with buildings are comfortable to produce without taking price risk.　　　　西班牙沒有許多具有全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的產(chǎn)業(yè)，養(yǎng)豬行業(yè)是一個(gè)例外。很明顯西班牙的養(yǎng)豬行業(yè)具有良好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)合作。在Lerida進(jìn)行的每周會(huì)議就是真實(shí)例子，在那里屠宰商-集約化公司-生產(chǎn)商聚到一起，通過協(xié)商和協(xié)作共同建立一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的國家市場(chǎng)生豬價(jià)格。　　　　沒有其他地方是這么做的，我們懷疑這種方式在其他任何地方是否也可行。方式獨(dú)特但確實(shí)有效?！　　　pain doesn’t have many Globally competitive industries. The Spanish swine sector is an exception. Its obvious Spain’s swine industry has had good leadership and with that a competitive collaboration. A real example of this is the weekly meeting in the city of Lerida where Packers-Integrators-Producers get together and work to establish through consultation and collaboration an agreed national price for market pigs. Nowhere else is this done, we doubt if it would be possible anywhere else. Unique but it works.　　　　杜洛克火腿　　　　Duroc Ham　　　　傳統(tǒng)火腿切片固定器　　　　Traditional Ham Holder for slicing　　　　參觀屠宰加工廠　　　　Packing Plant visit