俄羅斯的豬價繼續(xù)保持在每公斤115盧布(2.01美元)的高位。經(jīng)營良好的生產(chǎn)商的生產(chǎn)成本應該是每公斤65盧布(所有成本)。一頭125公斤重的生豬屠宰利潤可以超過100美元。

　　

　　The Russian pig Price continues to remain high at 115 Roubles ($2.01) per live kg. Good producers have a cost of production that should be 65 Roubles per kg (all costs). On a 125kg live-weight pig at slaughter means profits of over $100 per pig.

　　

　　難怪還在建造新農(nóng)場！

　　

　　No wonder the process of building new farms continues!

　　

　　高收益當然很好。然而，隨之而來將會有一個巨大的危險，驕傲自滿！更多的新豬場意味著更多的生豬。在某些時候，更多的生豬將意味著市場飽和。制裁也不會永遠持續(xù)下去。在某些時候，歐洲的肉類將會在俄羅斯上市。最終，豬肉價格將會下跌。

　　

　　High profitability is of course very nice. However, it comes with one large danger, complacency! More new farms mean more pigs. More pigs at some point will mean market saturation. Sanctions also will not last for ever. At some point, European meat will hit the market place in Russia. Ultimately pig prices will fall.

　　

　　很多俄羅斯企業(yè)認為高的豬肉銷售價格是理所當然的。有人猜想高價將永遠保持下去，如果價格下跌，政府將直接支持養(yǎng)豬戶。當我訪問農(nóng)場時，我聽到了關于生產(chǎn)成本的討論，但實際上并沒有看到任何減少成本的措施。

　　

　　Many Russian business’s take a high sales price for pigmeat for granted. There is an assumption it will last for ever, and if and when prices do fall the government will give direct support to pig farmers. I hear talk about cost of production when I visit farms, but do not actually see anything being done to reduce it.

　　

　　現(xiàn)在這一代的養(yǎng)豬戶和豬場管理者從未見過低于生產(chǎn)成本的豬價。在這種情況下，養(yǎng)豬知識或經(jīng)驗都沒有任何可用之處，沒人理解真正的削減成本！

　　

　　There is now generation of pig farmers and farm managers who have never seen a pig price lower than the cost of production. There is no knowledge or experience of what can be done in that situation, no understanding of really cutting cost!

　　

　　當豬價降低的時候，我已經(jīng)看到了俄羅斯農(nóng)場所有的經(jīng)濟學家、統(tǒng)計學家、會計師、董事、律師和安全員的團隊，計算并決定他們可以減少生產(chǎn)人員，停止購買必需品，或者不管質(zhì)量如何，購買能找到的最便宜的物資。但是，他們也會計算出增加自己這樣人員數(shù)量的需求，因為低的價格意味著需要更多的管理！

　　

　　When low prices do come, I can already see the teams of economists, statisticians, accountants, directors, lawyers and security that all Russian farms have, calculating and deciding they can reduce production staff, stop buying essential supplies, or buy the cheapest supplies they can find, regardless of quality. But, they will also calculate the need to increase their own numbers, because low prices mean more control is required!

　　

　　對于那些不是來自俄羅斯的讀者，閱讀了這篇文章,是的，俄羅斯的養(yǎng)豬場有經(jīng)濟學家,許多會計師、律師等…他們做什么?事實上，正如我們其他人，可以在沒有他們的情況下一樣經(jīng)營農(nóng)場，答案是，我不太確定，他們的工作是除了增加成本，就是使企業(yè)能夠遵守俄羅斯的法律。我訪問過許多農(nóng)場，那里有許多，甚至比真正和豬一起工作的人還要多的非生產(chǎn)人員! ! !

　　

　　For those who are reading this and not from Russia, yes Russian pig farms do have economists, many accountants, lawyers etc.…… What do they do? In reality, as the rest of us can run farms without, the answer is, I am not sure, other than to add to cost and enable the business to comply to Russian legislation. I visit many farms where there are as many and even more non-production staff than people actually working with pigs!!!

　　

　　本周，俄羅斯農(nóng)業(yè)部長亞歷山大·特卡喬夫在圣彼得堡經(jīng)濟論壇發(fā)表重要講話，宣布俄羅斯必須瞄準出口市場，繼續(xù)發(fā)展其養(yǎng)豬業(yè)務，并將重要的外國收入引入俄羅斯，以取代經(jīng)濟對石油和天然氣的依賴。這是非常真實的。

　　

　　This week Russian Minister of Agriculture, Alexander Tkachev, in an important speech at the St Petersburg Economic Forum, announced Russia must target export markets to continue to grow its pig business and to bring important foreign revenue into Russia to replace the reliance of the economy on oil and gas. This is very true.

　　

　　為了成為一個凈出口國，俄羅斯必須在生產(chǎn)成本上變得具有全球競爭力。我提到的許多養(yǎng)豬戶都準備好迎接這一挑戰(zhàn)，但他們需要幫助來降低企業(yè)的巨大行政負擔。

　　

　　To become a net exporter, Russia has to become globally competitive on cost of production. Many pig farmers I speak with are ready for this challenge, but need help lowering the massive administrative burden on their business.

　　

　　當然，為了擴大市場和盈利，削減成本還有另一個方式。就是提高銷量和銷售價格。這就需要生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，人們想要購買更多，并且愿意為此付出更多的錢!

　　

　　Of course, there is another side to cost cutting to grow markets and to make a business profitable. That is to increase sales and sales price. This requires producing a product that people want to buy more of and are happy to pay more for!

　　

　　在歐洲和北美，豬肉的消費量十分的穩(wěn)定。作為一個需要增加銷量的行業(yè)，我們顯然是失敗的。我不相信這真的是一個成本問題。英國這幾年，外出就餐在食物上花的錢增加了50%以上。美國今年達到了這個基準。外出就餐比在家里自己做飯要貴得多。當然，在我們現(xiàn)代忙碌的生活中，存在著一個方便(或便利)的問題。即使是這樣，如果你看一下開車去餐館，再開車回家的時間，要比你自己做飯花上更長的時間。

　　

　　In Europe and North America pig meat consumption is at best static. We are clearly failing as an industry to increase sales. I do not believe this is really an issue with cost. For several years in the UK, the amount of money spent outside the home on food is greater than 50%. The USA reached this benchmark this year. Eating out is much more expensive than making food yourself at home. Of course, there is an issue with convenience (or perception of convenience) in our modern busy lives. Even then, if you look at the time it takes to drive to a restaurant and drive home again, it would take longer then cooking something yourself!

　　

　　歐洲花費了過去10年或者更長的時間，增加在動物福利和環(huán)境方面立法，因為人們認為這是人們想要的。這些影響銷售嗎？零。如果這真的是消費者想要的，那么銷量就會增加。一直在持續(xù)進行的調(diào)查，詢問人們是否愿意為被認為是標準的食品支付更多的錢。在一個政治正確的世界里，人們不再陳述自己的真實想法，答案是肯定的?？聪嗤愋偷娜藗冑徫镘嚴锏臇|西，完全不同的內(nèi)容。

　　

　　Europe has spent the past 10 years or more increasing legislation on animal welfare and the environment, because of the perception that this is what people want. Any effect on sales? Zero. If this is really what the consumer wanted then sales would increase. There have been and continue to be surveys asking people if they would pay more for food raised to a perceived standard. In a world of political correctness, where people no longer state their real opinion of course the answers are yes. Look at the contents of the same peoples shopping trollies and there is a totally different picture.

　　

　　現(xiàn)在，歐洲想要禁止閹割。結果當然是在餐館和商店里有更多帶有公豬膻味的豬肉。這對豬肉消費有什么影響？只有一個結果，減少銷量！我們飼養(yǎng)動物的祖先并不是因為喜歡折磨動物才開始閹割公豬、去齒和斷尾。公豬被閹割，是因為很多人不喜歡吃帶有豬肉膻味的豬肉。去齒和斷尾是為了減少豬群相互之間的傷害。

　　

　　Now Europe wants to ban castration. The result will of course be more pig meat with boar taint in restaurants and shops. What will this do to pig meat consumption. only one thing, reduce it! Our forefathers who farmed animals did not start castrating pigs, cutting teeth and tails because they enjoyed torturing animals. They castrated, because many people do not like to eat boar tainted pig meat. Teething and tailing was to reduce damage caused by pigs on each other.

　　

　　所以人們?yōu)槭裁床皇秤酶嗟呢i肉，也許是因為味道!！作為一個行業(yè)，我們需要回顧人工飼養(yǎng)豬肉市場上我們把自己放在了哪里。

　　

　　So why are people not eating more pig meat, maybe taste! As an industry, we need to look at where we have placed ourselves in the market place for farmed meat.

　　

　　另一端，我們有便宜的，瘦的，經(jīng)常是干柴而且沒有味道的肉，需要醬汁和調(diào)味料來調(diào)味。雞肉和火雞很成功地填補了市場的這部分。豬肉最糟糕的營銷計劃之一是在美國，在那里豬肉被稱為“另類白肉”。這只被英國的一項營銷計劃所超越，旨在向公眾表明，他們應該購買不吃肉類和骨粉的英國豬肉。這句口號是，“當母豬喂完她的小豬時，母豬不會被用來飼喂小豬們”。所有這類營銷都是讓人們詢問吃豬肉，結果他們吃得更少。

　　

　　At one end, we have cheap lean and often dry and tasteless meat, that needs sauce and flavouring to be tasty. Chicken and turkey fill this part of the market very successfully. One of the most ill-conceived marketing plans of all time was in America, where pork was branded as ‘the other white meat’. This was only surpassed by a marketing plan in the UK aimed at showing the public that they should by British pork that was not fed meat and bone meal. The slogan, ‘when the sow has finished feeding her piglets she will not be fed to them’. All this type of marketing does is make people question eating pig meat and as a result they eat less.

　　

　　在另一端，規(guī)模的另一端我們有優(yōu)質(zhì)牛肉。對許多人來說，牛肉是針對特殊場合的一件奢侈品。

　　

　　At the other end, other end of the scale we have prime beef. For many people, a luxury item for special occasion.

　　

　　豬肉的位置在哪里？今天，不幸的是，跟雞肉差不多。在許多餐館的菜單上，相當?shù)偷某杀径彝菦]有味道的產(chǎn)品是沒有特點的。當然，也有豬肉的成功故事。例如培根。沒有人能從任何其他的肉中重新創(chuàng)造出味道像培根那樣酥脆的熏肉！這是素食者回歸肉類的先進件事!

　　

　　Where does pig meat sit? Today, sadly nearer to chicken. A lowish cost dry and also often tasteless product that does not feature on many restaurant menus. Of course, there are pig meat success stories. Bacon for example. Nobody can recreate from any other meat something that tastes as good as a crispy rasher of bacon! It is the number one thing that vegetarians revert back to meat for!

　　

　　一份完美大理石花紋的豬排煎至五分熟(中間部分為粉色)，跟你能買到的任何牛排一樣好。它不僅美味可口，而且生產(chǎn)成本更低。銷售像牛肉一樣美味的豬肉，但以稍微低一點的成本，似乎是增長生豬肉類消費和價格的明顯途徑。

　　

　　A well marbled pork steak cooked medium (pink in the middle) is as good as any beef steak you can buy. It is just as juicy and tasty, but with a much lower cost of production. Marketing pork as tasty as beef, but at a slightly lower cost seems the obvious way to grow pig meat consumption and price.

　　

　　當然，營銷一件產(chǎn)品意味著它實際上必須達到預期的標準。加裕公司作為一家育種公司，在追求更好的豬肉品質(zhì)方面是獨一無二的。對于我們行業(yè)的大部分如今仍然如此(理解我們不增加豬肉消費量)肉質(zhì)的測量是更薄的背膘。我們的消費者正在清楚地告訴我們，這并不是促使他們購買更多豬肉的原因。

　　

　　Of course, marketing a product to be something means it actually has to come up to the standards expected. Genesus as a breeding company is unique in its pursuit of better meat- eating quality. For most of our industry still today (understanding we are not increasing pig meat consumption) the measure of quality is lack of backfat. Our consumers are clearly telling us that this is not what will them to buy more pig meat

　　

　　真正的食用肉品質(zhì)是鮮嫩和美味。pH、肌內(nèi)脂肪含量、剪切力都是對豬肉質(zhì)量有積極作用的可測量的因素。自1998年以來，加裕公司一直在測量其杜洛克群體中的這些性狀。幾年來，加裕公司已經(jīng)能夠通過針對需要優(yōu)質(zhì)豬肉性質(zhì)的特定市場(西班牙的伊比利亞火腿生產(chǎn))來選擇父本。首次，豬肉品質(zhì)現(xiàn)在是父系指數(shù)標準的一部分。

　　

　　Real meat-eating quality is tenderness and taste. pH, intra muscular fat, shear force are all measurable factors that contribute positively to pig meat eating quality. Since 1998 Genesus have been measuring these traits within its Duroc population. For several years Genesus have been able to select sires with premium meat-eating quality for specific markets that require this (Ibirica production in Spain). For the first time, meat quality is now part of the standard Sire Line index.

　　

　　基因公司不得不考慮5年內(nèi)市場的預期。多年來，加裕公司一直認為增加豬肉的銷售需要優(yōu)質(zhì)風味的豬肉。這就是為什么在沒有經(jīng)濟回報的情況下，股東們對測量這些性狀進行了多年的投資。

　　

　　Genetic companies are having to look at where the market is expected to be in 5 years-time. For many years Genesus has believed that to increase pork sales requires superior tasting pig meat. That is why the shareholders have invested in measuring these traits for many years, when there has been no economic return.

　　

　　市場已經(jīng)說話了。它說，它將購買減少脂肪生產(chǎn)的瘦無味道的豬肉，但它肯定不會買更多的肉！美國許多屠宰場已經(jīng)意識到這一現(xiàn)實，不再支付給養(yǎng)豬戶去生產(chǎn)更瘦的豬肉。

　　

　　The market has spoken. It says that it will buy the lean tasteless pig meat that reducing fat has produced, but it is certainly not going to buy more of it! In the United States many slaughter plants have realised this reality and no longer pay farmers to produce leaner pig meat.

　　

　　市場會對味道更好的豬肉做出反應嗎？現(xiàn)在所有的指標都是肯定的，但時間會證明一切。當然，繼續(xù)保持的更瘦型豬肉和更瘦型的途徑并沒有增加銷量。

　　

　　Will the market respond to tastier pig meat. Today all of the indicators are yes, but time will tell. For sure continuing down the leaner and leaner route has not increased sales.

　　

　　一個簡單的生活規(guī)則?！叭绻闶裁炊疾桓淖?，那么什么都不會改變。”最終，作為養(yǎng)豬戶，我們的顧客是吃我們生產(chǎn)的豬肉的消費者。屠宰場只是通過一道加工賺錢。超市想要在每平方米的貨架空間獲得最大化的銷售和利潤。我們的屠宰場和超市仍然跟我們要更瘦的豬。我們的終端消費者說法不同!

　　

　　A simple life rule. ‘If you change nothing, then nothing will change’. Ultimately as pig farmers our customers are the consumers who eat the meat we produce. A slaughter plant makes its money doing a process. Supermarkets want to maximise sales and profit per m2 of shelf space. Our slaughter plants and supermarkets still tell us leaner pigs. Our ultimate consumers say different!

　　

　　

　　在世界豬肉博覽會上，加裕公司與《全國養(yǎng)豬農(nóng)》聯(lián)合發(fā)起了全球大型生產(chǎn)商計劃。此項計劃認可了擁有超過10萬頭母豬的全球生產(chǎn)商。

　　

　　At the WPX Genesus in conjunction with the National Hog Farmer launched the Global Mega Producer Initiative.  The Initiative recognizes the Global Producers over 100,000 sows.

　　

　　全球大型生產(chǎn)商名單

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